and so much is the sayd quintall: but the marchants accord is by so much the mana, and in the sayd place they bate the tare in all sorts of commodities, according to the order of aleppo touching the tare. the measure of babylon is greater then that of aleppo 21 in the 100. for bringing 100 pikes of any measurable ware from aleppo thither, there is found but 82 pikes in babylon, so that the 100 pikes of babylon is of aleppo l2l pikes, very litle lesse. the currant mony of babylon are saies, which say is 5 medines, as in aleppo, and 40 medines being 8 saies make a duckat currant, and 47 medines passe in value as the duckat of gold of venice, and the dollars of the best sort are worth 33 medines. the roials of plate are sold by the 100 drams at prise, according as they be in request: but amongst the marchants they bargaine by the 100 metrals, which are 150 drams of aleppo, which 150 drams are 135 single roials of plate: but in the mint or castle, they take them by the 100 drams, which is 90 roials of plate, and those of the mint giue 5 medines lesse in each 100 drams then they are woorth to be sold among the marchants, and make paiment at the terme of 40 dayes in sayes. the custome in babylon, as wel inward as outward, is in this maner: small wares at 6 per 100, coral and amber at 5 and a halfe per 100, venice cloth, english cloth, kersies, mockairs, chamblets, silks, veluets, damasks, sattins and such like at 5 per 100: and they rate the goods without reason as they lust themselues. the toafo, boabo, and other exactions 6 medines per bale, all which they pay presently in ready mony, according to the custome and vse of the emperor. to the ermin of the mint the ordinarie vse is to giue 30 saies in curtesie, otherwise he would by authoritie of his office come aboord, and for despight make such search in the barke, that he would turne all things topsie teruie. balsara: the weight, measure, and money in the citie of balsara. a mana of balsara answereth 5 roues 2 ounces and a halfe of aleppo weight, and 19 manas and one 4 part of balsara, answereth the quintall of aleppo, which is 494 roues, 8 ounces english, and 20 manas is the quintall of balsara, which is 104 alepine, and of london 514 li. 8. ounces, and so much is the sayd quintall, but the marchants bargaine at so much the mana or wolsene (which is all one) and they abate the tare in euery mana, as the sort of spice is, and the order taken therefore in that place. the measure of balsara is called a pike, which is iust as the measure of babylon, to say, 100 pikes of balsara make of aleppo 121 pikes, vt supra in the rate of babylon. the currant mony of balsara is as foloweth. there is a sort of flusses of copper called estiui, whereof 12 make a mamedine, which is the value of one medine aleppine, the said mamedine is of siluer, hauing the moresco stampe on both sides, and two of these make a danine, which is 2 medines aleppine. the said danine is of siluer, hauing the turkesco stampe on both sides, and 2 and a halfe of these make a saie, which is in value as the saie of aleppo. the said saie is of the similitude and stampe of aleppo, being (as appeares) 60 estiues. also one say and 20 estiues make a larine, which is of aleppo money 6 medines and a halfe. the sayd larine is a strange piece of money, not being round as all other currant money in christianitie, but is a small rod of siluer of the greatnesse of the pen of a goose feather, wherewith we vse to write, and in length about one eight part thereof, which is wrested, so that the two ends meet at the iust halfe part, and in the head thereof is a stampe turkesco, and these be the best currant money in all the indias, and 6 of these larines make a duckat, which is 40 medines or eight saies of aleppo. the duckat of gold is woorth there 7 larines, and one danine, which is of aleppo money 48 medines and a halfe. the venetian money is worth larines 88 per hundred meticals which is 150 drams of aleppo, vt supra. the roials of plate are worth 88 larines by the 100 meticals, and albeit among the marchants they sel by the 100 meticals, yet in the mint or castle, they sel by the 100 drams, hauing there lesse then the worth 5 medines in each hundred drams, and haue their paiment in 40 dayes made them in saies or larines. the custome of the said places, aswell inward as outward, are alike of all sorts of goods, to say 6 by the 100, and toafo, boabo, and scriuan medines 6 by the bale inward and outward, to say, 3 inward, and as much outward: but whoso leaueth his goods in the custome house paieth nothing, where otherwise at the taking thereof away, he should pay 3 med. by the bale, and of the said goods there is no other duty to pay, and this commeth to passe when the customers esteeme the goods too high. for in such a case they may be driuen to take so much commoditie as the custome amounteth to, and not to pay them in money, for such is the order from the grand signior. hauing paid the custome, it behoueth to haue a quittance or cocket sealed and firmed with the customers hand, in confirmation of the dispatch and clearing, and before departure thence, to cause the sayd customer to cause search to be made, to the end that at the voiages returne there be no cauilation made, as it oftentimes happeneth. note that 100 meticals of balsara weigh 17 ounces and a halfe sottile venetian, and of aleppo drams 150, vt supra. the fraight of the barkes from ormuz to balsara, i would say from balsara to ormuz, they pay according to the greatnesse thereof. to say, for cariage of 10 cares 180 larines, those of 15 cares 270 larines, those of 20 cares 360 larines, those of 30 cares 540 larines. note that a cara is 4 quintals of balsara. they pay also to the pilot of the bark for his owne cariage one care, and to all the rest of the mariners amongst them 3. cares fraight, which is in the whole 4 cares, and paying the abouesayd prises and fraights, they are at no charges of victuals with them, but it is requisite that the same be declared in the charter partie, with the condition that they lade not aboord one rotilo more then the fraight, vnder paines that finding more in ormuz, it is forfeit, and besides that to pay the fraight of that which they haue laden. and in this accord it behoueth to deale warilie, and in the presence of the ermin or some other honest man (whereof there are but few) for they are the worst people in all arabia. and this diligence must be put in execution, to the end the barks may not be ouerladen, because they are to passe many sands betwixt balsara and ormuz. ormvz: the weight, measure, and money currant in the kingdom of ormuz: spices and drugs they weigh by the bar, and of euery sort of goods the weight is different. to say, of some drugs 3 quintals, and 3 erubi or roues, and other some 4 quintals 25 rotiloes, and yet both is called a barre, which barre, as well as great as litle, is 20 frasoli, and euery frasoll is 10 manas, and euery mana 23 chiansi, and euery chianso 10 meticals and a halfe. [sidenote: what a rotilo is.] note that euery quintall maketh 4 erubi or roues, and euery roue 32 rotiloes, and euery rotilo 16 ounces, and euery ounce 7 meticals, so that the quintall commeth to be 128 rotiloes, which is aleppine 26 rotiloes and one third part, which is 132 li. english weight. and contrarywise the quintal of aleppo (which is 494 rotiloes 8 ounces english) maketh 477 rotiloes and a halfe of ormuz, which is 3 quintals 2 roues, 29 rotiloes and a halfe. note that there are bars of diuers weights, vt supra, of which they bargaine simply, according to the sort of commoditie, but if they bargaine of the great barre, the same is 7 quintals and 24 rotiloes, which is 958 li. 9 ounces of london weight, and of aleppo 193 rotiloes and a halfe. touching the money of ormuz, they bargaine in marchandize at so many leches by the barre, which lech is 100 asaries, and maketh larines 100 and a halfe, which maketh pardaos 38, and larines one halfe, at larines 5 by the pardao. one asarie is sadines 10, and euery sadine is 100. danarie. the larine is worth 5 sadines and one fourth part, so that the sadine is worth of aleppo mony 1 medine and 1 fourth part, and the larine as in balsara worth of aleppo mony 6 medines and a half. the pardao is 5 larines of balsara. there is also stamped in ormuz a seraphine of gold, which is litle and round, and is worth 24 sadines, which maketh 30 medines of aleppo. the venetian mony is worth in ormuz larines 88 per 100 meticals, and the roials are worth larines 86 lesse one sadine, which is euery thousand meticals, 382 asures: but those that will not sel them, vse to melt them, and make them so many larines in the king of ormuz his mint, whereby they cleare 2 per 100, and somewhat more: and this they doe because neither venetian money nor roials run as currant in ormuz, per aduise. the measure of ormuz is of two sorts, the one called codo which increaseth vpon the measure of aleppo 3 per 100, for bringing 100 pikes of any measurable wares from aleppo to ormuz, it is found in ormuz to be 103 codes