of the patriarke of greece. in cairo are two patriarkes, one of the greekes, and another of the iacobites. the greeke patriarke called gioechni, being about the age of one hundred and thirteene yeeres, was a very good and holy man. they say, that when soldan gauri of egypt reigned, there was done this miracle following; this good patriarke being enuied at by the iewes of the countrey, for none other cause, but for his good workes, and holy life, it happened (i say) that being in disputation with certaine of the hebrewes in presence of the sultan, and reasoning of their lawe and faith, it was sayd vnto him by one of these miscreants: sith thou beleeuest in the faith of christ, take and drinke this potion which i will giue thee; and if thy christ be true messias and true god, he will (sayd he) deliuer thee from daunger. to whom the auncient patriarke answered, that he was content: whereupon that cursed iewe brought him a cuppe of the most venemous and deadly poyson that could be found, which the holy patriarke hauing perceiued, said: in the name of the father, of the sonne, and of the holy ghost: and hauing so sayde he dranke it quite vp; which done, he tooke a droppe of pure water, putting it into that very cup, and gaue it vnto the iewe, saying vnto him, i in the name of my christe haue drunke thy poyson, and therefore in the name of thy expected messias drinke this water of mine within thine owne cuppe. whereupon the iewe tooke the cup out of the hand of the patriarke, and hauing drunke the water, within halfe an houre burst a sunder. and the patriarke had none other hurt, saue that he became somewhat pale in sight, and so remained euer after. and this miracle (which meriteth to be called no lesse) was done to the great commendation of the holy patriarke in the presence of a thousand persons, and namely of the soldan of egypt: who seeing the despight of the iewes, vnto their owne cost and confusion compelled them to make the conduct, which with so many engines commeth into the castle from nilus aboue mentioned. and this triumphant patriarke not long since was aliue, and in perfect health, which god continue long time. of the preparation of the carouan to goe to mecca. as touching the carouan which goeth to mecca, it is to be vnderstoode, that the mahometans obserue a kinde of lent continuing one whole moone, and being a moueable ceremonie, which sometimes falleth high, sometimes lowe in the yeere called in their tongue ramazan, and their feast is called bairam. during this time of lent all they which intende to goe vnto mecca resort vnto cairo, because that twentie dayes after the feast the carouan is readie to depart on the voyage: and thither resort a great multitude of people from asia, grecia, and barbaria to goe on this voyage, some mooued by deuotion, and some for traffiques sake, and some to passe away the time. nowe, within fewe dayes after the feast they which goe on the voyage depart out of the citie two leagues vnto a place called birca, where they expect the captaine of the carouan. this place hath a great pond caused by the inundation of nilus, and so made that the camels and other beastes may drinke therein: whereof, namely, of mules, camels, and dromedaries there are at least fortie thousand, and the persons which followe the carouan euerie yeere are about fiftie thousand, fewe more or lesse, according to the times. moreouer euery three yeeres they renue the captaine of the carouan, called in the arabian tongue amarilla haggi, that is, the captaine of the pilgrimes, to whom the grand signior giueth euery voyage eighteene purses, conteyning each of them sixe hundred twentie and fiue ducates of golde, and these be for the behoofe of the carouan, and also to doe almes vnto the needfull pilgrimes. this captaine, besides other seruingmen which follow him, hath also foure chausi to serue him. likewise he hath with him for the securitie of the carouan foure hundred souldiers, to wit, two hundred spachi or horsemen mounted on dromedaries, and two hundred ianizaries riding vpon camels. the chausi and the spachi are at the charge of the captaine, but the ianizaries not so, for their prouision is made them from cairo. the spachi weare caps or bonnets like to the caps of sergeants, but the ianizaries after another sort, with a lappe falling downe behinde like a french-hoode, and hauing before a great piece of wrought siluer on their heads. the charge of these is to cause the carouan to march in good array when neede requireth; these are not at the commaundement of any but of the captaine of the carouan. moreouer the captaine hath for his guide eight pilots, the office of whom is alwayes stable and firme from heire to heire, and these goe before guiding the carouan, and shewing the way, as being well experienced in the place, and in the night they gouerne them as the mariners, by the starre. [sidenote: pieces of dry wood in stead of torches.] these also vse to sende before foure or fiue men carying pieces of dry wood which giue light, because they should not goe out of the way, and if at any time through their ill hap they wander astray out of the way, they are caste downe and beaten with so many bastonadoes vpon the soles of their feete, as serue them for a perpetuall remembrance. the captaine of the carouan hath his lieutenant accompanied continually with fifteene spachi, and he hath the charge to set the carouan in order, and to cause them to depart on their iourney when neede requireth: and during the voyage their office is some whiles to goe before with the forewarde, sometimes to come behinde with the rereward, sometimes to march on the one side, and sometimes on the other, to spy, that the coast be cleare. the carouan carrieth with it sixe pieces of ordinance drawen by 12 camels, which serue to terrifie the arabians, as also to make triumph at mecca, and other places. the marchants which followe the carouan, some carry for marchandise cloth of silke, some corall, some tinne, others wheat, rise, and all sorts of graine. some sell by the way, some at mecca, so that euery one bringeth something to gaine by, because all marchandise that goeth by land payeth no custome, but that which goeth by sea is bound to pay tenne in the hundred. the beginning of the voyage. the feast before the carouan setteth forth, the captaine with all his retinue and officers resort vnto the castle of cairo before the basha, which giueth vnto euery man a garment, and that of the captaine is wrought with golde, and the others are serued according to their degree. moreouer he deliuereth vnto him the chisua talnabi, which signifieth in the arabian tongue, the garment of the prophet: this vesture is of silke, wrought in the midst with letters of golde, which signifie: la illa illalla mahumet resullala: that is to say, there are no gods but god, and his ambassadour mahumet. this garment is made of purpose to couer from top to botome a litle house in mecca standing in the midst of the mesquita, the which house (they say) was builded by abraham or by his sonne ismael. after this he deliuereth to him a gate made of purpose for the foresaid house of abraham wrought all with fine golde, and being of excellent workmanship, and it is a thing of great value. besides, he deliuereth vnto him a couering of greene veluet made in maner of a pyramis, about nine palmes high, and artificially wrought with most fine golde, and this is to couer the tombe of their prophet within medina, which tombe is built in manner of a pyramis: and besides that couering there are brought many others of golde and silke, for the ornament of the sayde tombe. which things being consigned, the basha departeth not from his place; but the captaine of the carouan taketh his leaue with all his officers and souldiers, and departeth accompanied with all the people of cairo orderly in manner of a procession, with singing, shouting and a thousand other ceremonies too long to recite. from the castle they goe to a gate of the citie called bab-nassera, without the which standes a mosquita, and therein they lay vp the sayd vestures very well kept and guarded. and of this ceremony they make so great account, that the world commeth to see this sight, yea the women great with childe, and others with children in their armes, neither is it lawfull for any man to forbid his wife the going to this feast, for that in so doing the wife may separate her selfe from her husband, and may lie with any other man, in regard of so great a trespasse. now this procession proceeding from the castle towardes the mosquita, the camels which bring the vestures are all adorned with cloth of golde, with many little belles, and passing along the streete you may see the multitude casting vpon the said vesture thousands of beautifull flowers of diuers colours, and sweete water, others bringing towels and fine cloth touch the same, which euer after they keepe as reliques with great reuerence. afterward hauing left the vesture in the mosquita, as is aforesaid, they returne againe into the citie, where they remaine the space of 20 dayes, and then the captaine departeth with his company, and taking the vestures out of the mosquita, carieth the same to the foresaid place of birca, where the captaine hauing pitched his tent with the standard of the grand signior ouer the gate, and the other principall tents standing about his, stayeth there some tenne dayes and no more: in which time all those resort thither that meane to follow the carouan in this voyage to mecca. where you shall see certaine women which intend to goe on this voiage accompanied with their parents and friends mounted vpon camels, adorned with so many tryfles, tassels, and knots, that in beholding the same a man cannot refraine from laughter. the last night before their departure they make great feasting and triumph within the carouan, with castles and other infinite deuises of fireworke, the ianizaries alwayes standing round about the tent of the captaine with such shouting and ioy, that on euery side the earth resoundeth, and this night they discharge all their ordinance, foure or sixe times, and after at the breake of the day vpon the sound of a trumpet they march forward on their way. what times the carouan trauelleth, and when it resteth. it is to be noted, that from cairo to mecca they make 40 dayes iourney or thereabout, and the same great dayes iourneies. for the custome of the carouan is to trauell much and rest little, and ordinarily they iourney in this maner: they trauell from two a clock in the morning vntill the sunne rising, then hauing rested till noone, they set forward, and so continue till night, and then also rest againe, as is abouesaid, till two of the clocke; and this order they obserue vntill the end of the voiage, neuer changing the same, except in some places, whereof we will hereafter speake, where for respect of water they rest sometimes a day and an halfe, and this they obserue to refresh themselues, otherwise both man and beast would die. in what order the carouan trauelleth. the maner and order which the carouan obserueth in marching is this. it goeth diuided into three parts, to wit, the foreward, the maine battell, and the rereward. in the foreward go the 8 pilots before with a chaus, which hath foure knaues, and ech knaue carrieth a sinew of a bul, to the end that if occasion requireth, the bastonado may be giuen to such as deserue the same. these knaues cast offendours downe, turning vp the soles of their feete made fast to a staffe, giuing them a perpetuall remembrance for them and the beholders. this chaus is as the captaine of the foreward, which commandeth lights to be carried before when they trauell in the night. also there go in this foreward 6 santones with red turbants vpon their heads, and these eat and ride at the cost of the captaine of the carouan